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What is theory of mind and child development?

admin — Wed, 14 Jul 2010 12:28:13 +0000

child development and theory of mind

1. A child’s brain changes rapidly throughout his life and does not reach full development until late adolescence or early adulthood. There are four stages of brain development, which were identified by Jean Piaget, one of the most influential developmental-psychology researchers of the 20th century. As a child progresses through the different stages of brain development, she acquires new skills and more complex forms of understanding.

Sensori-motor Stage (Birth-2 years)
A child in this stage begins to understand cause and effect.During this stage a child’s knowledge of the world is limited because it is based on physical interaction with the environment. Children first learn to differentiate themselves from other objects. They then recognize that they are able to cause actions and act intentionally, such as shaking a rattle to cause a noise or pushing a button to cause music to play. At around seven months of age, a child will understand object permanence, meaning he understands objects still exist even when he is not observing them.

Pre-operational Stage (2-7 years)
The pre-operations stage is marked by egocentric thought.In this stage, a child learns to use language, memory and imagination and is able to classify objects by one characteristic. The child’s thinking at this stage is illogical, non-reversible and egocentric. Egocentric thought means the child believes she is the center of the universe, has difficulty understanding others’ points of view and lacks empathy.

Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years)
Children in the concrete operational stage begin to think logically.Children in this stage of development will be able to understand and have conversations about concepts like quantity, length, liquid, mass, weight, area, and volume. The child can think logically, classify objects by different characteristics and order the objects in a series. For example, a child will be able to order objects from smallest to largest. This stage also marks the reduction of egocentric thought.

Formal Operational (11 years and up)
Many teenages do not obtain formal operations.The beginning of this stage is marked by the return of egocentric thought. Intelligence is shown through logical thought associated with abstract concepts. A person in this stage is concerned about the future, as well as hypothetical and ideological problems. The skills in this stage are the hardest to acquire. Only 35 percent of high school graduates achieve this stage and many people do not think formally even in adulthood.

I have some questions from a quiz im really struggling with.. Child development.?

admin — Fri, 28 May 2010 09:55:06 +0000

Ok, so i have a 65 question quiz and there is some problems that i cannot find anywhere ( i can’t afford to buy the book so next time i know to go to school and rent it) but for now i have to do it online, so if you could answer them or steer me in the right direction that would be greatly appreciated thanks!

Males are more likely than females to be negatively affected by X-linked disorders because

a. the Y chromosome lacks many corresponding alleles to override those carried on the X chromosome.

b. the Y chromosome is much longer than the X chromosome.

c. their sex chromosomes match.

d. males are more likely than females to inherit recessive alleles.

16. A major weakness of the information-processing perspective is that

a. nonlinear aspects of cognition, such as creativity and imagination, are overemphasized.

b. it has had difficulty developing a comprehensive theory of cognitive development.

c. investigators have failed to study cognition under rigorous experimental conditions.

d. it is not relevant to the processing of social information.

33.
The case of PKU demonstrates that

a. serious inherited disorders are more often due to dominant than to recessive genes.

b. most inherited disabilities and disorders are untreatable.

c. even if we know the genetic makeup of the parents, it is difficult to predict the likelihood that children in a family will display a disorder.

d. changes in the environment can alter the extent to which an inherited disorder influences a person’s well-being.

34.
Males are more likely than females to be negatively affected by X-linked disorders because

a. the Y chromosome lacks many corresponding alleles to override those carried on the X chromosome.

b. the Y chromosome is much longer than the X chromosome.

c. their sex chromosomes match.

d. males are more likely than females to inherit recessive alleles.

35.
Studies of sex differences show that

a. rates of learning disabilities and mental retardation are higher among males than females.

b. rates of miscarriage, infant death, and birth defects are higher among females than males.

c. worldwide, approximately equal numbers of males and females are conceived.

d. worldwide, about 115 girls are born for every 100 boys.

61.
How did childbirth customs change after the industrial revolution?

a. More children were born at home than in hospitals.

b. The focus of childbirth expanded to include family and friends.

c. Doctors assumed primary responsibility, so women’s knowledge of birthing procedures and family participation declined.

d. The return to natural childbirth increased and fewer women required medication during delivery.

38.
Research on sex chromosome disorders show that

a. males with XYY syndrome are more aggressive and antisocial than are XY males.

b. most children with these disorders suffer from mental retardation.

c. females with a missing X chromosome often have trouble with spatial relationships.

d. verbal difficulties are common among females who are missing an X chromosome.

39.
According to ecological systems theory, the behaviors of each family member affect those of others. This represents the concept of __________ influences.

a. predetermined

b. universal

c. learned

d. bidirectional

51.
About __________ percent of zygotes do not survive the first two weeks of pregnancy.

a. 30

b. 15

c. 5

d. 1

Have you tried looking on line for reference info?

http://www.google.com/search?q=xy+chromosomes&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a

Need help with theories of child development!!?

admin — Tue, 25 May 2010 19:39:01 +0000

The question says to explain two theoretical perspectives relevant to the areas of development. The areas of development are "Physical" and "Social and Emotional". Can anyone shed any light please??? xxx

Psychosocial and Psychosexual stages of development?

Please define the Vigotsky Method for Child Development in simple terms. How does it compare and differ ?

admin — Tue, 18 May 2010 23:17:08 +0000

from Piagets theories

there is no vygotsky method.

He was a person..

research zone of proximal development or constructivism for implementation of his ideas in an education setting.

How would 0 gravity effect an unborn child’s development?

admin — Sat, 15 May 2010 23:39:13 +0000

Full term: From conception to birth.
Provide reasoning for your theory.
(Wouldn’t the act of conception be out of this world? I’d like to try…)

willy that was poor, see in space there is no gravity but humans are not affected by the lack of gravity, therefore why a child would develop in a different way?

Charles Darwin is considered the forefather of scientific child study because?

admin — Wed, 12 May 2010 23:54:05 +0000

Charles Darwin is considered the forefather of scientific child study because
a. he discovered that human prenatal growth differs markedly from that of other species
b.he constructed the first theory of human development
c. he was the first to conduct experiments on children
d. his theory prompted other researchers to study children and their development directly

‘D’ is the answer. The evolutionary perspective is one of the fastest growing areas within the field of lifespan development – behavioral genetics. It seeks to identify behavior that is the result of our genetic inheritance from our ancestors. This approach grew out of the groundbreaking work of Charles Darwin, and it also draws heavily on the field of ethology.

2. From the perspective of Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, children’s ability to trust thos?

admin — Tue, 11 May 2010 00:36:00 +0000

2. From the perspective of Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, children’s ability to trust those around them stems from:
a. Early experiences with teachers
b. Experiences with adults during infancy
c. Peer behaviors during the elementary years
d. Friendships formed during the teenage years

b. Early experiences with adults during infancy

how did lawrence kohlberg’s theory influence our understanding of child development?

admin — Sat, 08 May 2010 05:57:06 +0000

Kohlberg provided one way of looking into the moral development of children, beginning with preconventional, moving on to conventional, and hopefully acheiving postconventional moral standards. Preconventional moral standards work on a very low scale – punishment and obedience are at the core and they invite individual motivation without involving others. At the conventional stage, there is a sense of law and order and children try to abide by the rules that society has set for them, whether at home, in school, or on the playground. When reaching the postconventional moral standard, Kohlberg said that children learned what was "right" and "wrong", not necessarily by what society says, but by what is universally believed to be true in terms of moral beliefs (crimes are wrong not only because they are against the law, but because they hurt people – hurting people is wrong). There were six stages in total, two for each category. Kohlberg’s model is applicable to our understanding of child development because it shows how children develop their sense of morals and how it originally comes from the inside and eventually children begin to think outside their self-centered world and thinking about the welfare of others. His theory shows the beginning of social development.

Can you help me with this psych. development theory?

admin — Wed, 05 May 2010 15:32:02 +0000

I have a story about a woman that i have to explain why she is as she is through a psychological development theory.

The story goes like this: a woman has not received any love from her parents in her childhood, and has had more of an "icy" realtionship. She now spends her whole adulthood going from one wrong guy to the next, and loves them too much and is too clingy to the point that they all keep leaving her. How can this be explained through a psychological theory of child development such as Freud, Piaget or Ericskon?

Please help! )

Battered women’s syndrome

Which philosophers have theories on the early influences on the personality development of children?

admin — Mon, 03 May 2010 12:31:29 +0000

This is a very complicated question because this was studied as early
Aristotle, Plato, and even Sigmund Freud.